Commit 43ada366 authored by jackfrued's avatar jackfrued

更新了Linux文档

parent e6bc6b15
...@@ -752,40 +752,133 @@ Linux系统的命令通常都是如下所示的格式: ...@@ -752,40 +752,133 @@ Linux系统的命令通常都是如下所示的格式:
### 软件安装和配置 ### 软件安装和配置
#### yum #### 使用包管理工具
1. yum - Yellowdog Updater Modified。
- `yum search`:搜索软件包,例如`yum search nginx`。
- `yum list installed`:列出已经安装的软件包,例如`yum list installed | grep zlib`。
- `yum install`:安装软件包,例如`yum install nginx`。
- `yum remove`:删除软件包,例如`yum remove nginx`。
- `yum update`:更新软件包,例如`yum update`可以更新所有软件包,而`yum update tar只会更新tar。
- `yum check-update`:检查有哪些可以更新的软件包。
- `yum info`:显示软件包的相关信息,例如`yum info nginx`。
2. rpm - Redhat Package Manager。
- 安装软件包:`rpm -ivh <packagename>.rpm`。
- 移除软件包:`rpm -e <packagename>`。
- 查询软件包:`rpm -qa`,例如可以用`rpm -qa | grep mysql`来检查是否安装了MySQL相关的软件包。
下面以Nginx为例,演示如何使用yum安装软件。
- yum update ```Shell
- yum install
- yum remove
- yum list
- yum search
#### rpm [root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum -y install nginx
...
Installed:
nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-2.el7
Complete!
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
```
- rpm -ivh \-\-force \-\-nodeps #### 下载解压配置环境变量
- rpm -e
- rpm -qa | grep
#### 二进制安装程序(JDK) 下面以安装MongoDB为例,演示这类软件应该如何安装。
- \<filename\>.bin ```Shell
#### 配置环境变量(MongoDB) [root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
--2018-06-21 18:32:53-- https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
Resolving fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)... 52.85.83.16, 52.85.83.228, 52.85.83.186, ...
Connecting to fastdl.mongodb.org (fastdl.mongodb.org)|52.85.83.16|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 100564462 (96M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz’
100%[==================================================>] 100,564,462 630KB/s in 2m 9s
2018-06-21 18:35:04 (760 KB/s) - ‘mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz’ saved [100564462/100564462]
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tgz
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5.tar
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/README
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/MPL-2
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/GNU-AGPL-3.0
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongodump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongorestore
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoexport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoimport
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongostat
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongotop
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/bsondump
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongofiles
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoreplay
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongoperf
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongod
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongos
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/mongo
mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin/install_compass
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# vim .bash_profile
...
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$HOME/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-3.6.5/bin
export PATH
...
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# source .bash_profile
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# mongod --version
db version v3.6.5
git version: a20ecd3e3a174162052ff99913bc2ca9a839d618
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
allocator: tcmalloc
modules: none
build environment:
distmod: rhel70
distarch: x86_64
target_arch: x86_64
```
- 下载软件 > 说明:当然也可以通过yum来安装MongoDB,具体可以参照[官方网站](https://docs.mongodb.com/master/administration/install-on-linux/)上给出的说明。
- 解压缩 / 解归档
- 配置环境变量 / 注册软链接
#### 源代码构建安装(Python 3.6.5 / Redis) #### 源代码构建安装
- Makefile 1. 安装Python 3.6。
- make && make install
#### 实例 ```Shell
1. 安装MySQL。 [root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum install gcc
2. 安装Redis。 [root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz
3. 安装NginX。 [root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip Python-3.6.5.tgz
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ar -xvf Python-3.6.5.tar
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# cd Python-3.6.5
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python36 --enable-optimizations
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# make && make install
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python36/bin/2to3-3.6 /usr/bin/2to3
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# python3 --version
Python 3.6.5
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# python3 -m pip install -U pip
```
2. 安装Redis-3.2.12。
```Shell
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# gunzip redis-3.2.12.tar.gz
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# tar -xvf redis-3.2.12.tar
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# cd redis-3.2.12
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# make && make install
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# redis-server --version
Redis server v=3.2.12 sha=00000000:0 malloc=jemalloc-4.0.3 bits=64 build=5bc5cd3c03d6ceb6
[root@iZwz97tbgo9lkabnat2lo8Z ~]# redis-cli --version
redis-cli 3.2.12
```
### 进程和性能 ### 进程和性能
......
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