添加了Tornado相关的文档和代码

Day41-55/04.表单的应用.md

 ## Django实战(04) - 表单的应用
 
-我们继续来完成上一章节中的项目，实现“用户注册”和“用户登录”的功能。Django框架中提供了对表单的封装，而且提供了多种不同的使用方式。
+我们继续来完成上一章节中的项目，实现“用户注册”和“用户登录”的功能，并限制只有登录的用户才能为老师投票。Django框架中提供了对表单的封装，而且提供了多种不同的使用方式。
+
+首先添加用户模型。
+
+```Python
+
+```
+
+
 
 

Day61-65/01.预备知识.md

+## 预备知识
+
+### 并发编程
+
+所谓并发编程就是让程序中有多个部分能够并发或同时执行，并发编程带来的好处不言而喻，其中最为关键的两点是提升了执行效率和改善了用户体验。下面简单阐述一下Python中实现并发编程的三种方式：
+
+1. 多线程：Python中通过`threading`模块的`Thread`类并辅以`Lock`、`Condition`、`Event`、`Semaphore`和`Barrier`等类来支持多线程编程。Python解释器通过GIL（全局解释器锁）来防止多个线程同时执行本地字节码，这个锁对于CPython（Python解释器的官方实现）是必须的，因为CPython的内存管理并不是线程安全的。因为GIL的存在，Python的多线程并不能利用CPU的多核特性。
+
+2. 多进程：使用多进程可以有效的解决GIL的问题，Python中的`multiprocessing`模块提供了`Process`类来实现多进程，其他的辅助类跟`threading`模块中的类类似，由于进程间的内存是相互隔离的（操作系统对进程的保护），进程间通信（共享数据）必须使用管道、套接字等方式，这一点从编程的角度来讲是比较麻烦的，为此，Python的`multiprocessing`模块提供了一个名为`Queue`的类，它基于管道和锁机制提供了多个进程共享的队列。
+
+   ```Python
+   """
+   用下面的命令运行程序并查看执行时间，例如：
+   time python3 example06.py
+   real    0m20.657s
+   user    1m17.749s
+   sys     0m0.158s
+   使用多进程后实际执行时间为20.657秒，而用户时间1分17.749秒约为实际执行时间的4倍
+   这就证明我们的程序通过多进程使用了CPU的多核特性，而且这台计算机配置了4核的CPU
+   """
+   import concurrent.futures
+   import math
+   
+   PRIMES = [
+       1116281,
+       1297337,
+       104395303,
+       472882027,
+       533000389,
+       817504243,
+       982451653,
+       112272535095293,
+       112582705942171,
+       112272535095293,
+       115280095190773,
+       115797848077099,
+       1099726899285419
+   ] * 5
+   
+   
+   def is_prime(num):
+       """判断素数"""
+       assert num > 0
+       for i in range(2, int(math.sqrt(num)) + 1):
+           if num % i == 0:
+               return False
+       return num != 1
+   
+   
+   def main():
+       """主函数"""
+       with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:
+           for number, prime in zip(PRIMES, executor.map(is_prime, PRIMES)):
+               print('%d is prime: %s' % (number, prime))
+   
+   
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       main()
+   ```
+
+3. 异步编程（异步I/O）：所谓异步编程是通过调度程序从任务队列中挑选任务，调度程序以交叉的形式执行这些任务，我们并不能保证任务将以某种顺序去执行，因为执行顺序取决于队列中的一项任务是否愿意将CPU处理时间让位给另一项任务。异步编程通常通过多任务协作处理的方式来实现，由于执行时间和顺序的不确定，因此需要通过钩子函数（回调函数）或者`Future`对象来获取任务执行的结果。目前我们使用的Python 3通过`asyncio`模块以及`await`和`async`关键字（Python 3.5中引入，Python 3.7中正式成为关键字）提供了对异步I/O的支持。
+
+   ```Python
+   import asyncio
+   
+   
+   async def fetch(host):
+       """从指定的站点抓取信息(协程函数)"""
+       print(f'Start fetching {host}\n')
+       # 跟服务器建立连接
+       reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(host, 80)
+       # 构造请求行和请求头
+       writer.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n')
+       writer.write(f'Host: {host}\r\n'.encode())
+       writer.write(b'\r\n')
+       # 清空缓存区(发送请求)
+       await writer.drain()
+       # 接收服务器的响应(读取响应行和响应头)
+       line = await reader.readline()
+       while line != b'\r\n':
+           print(line.decode().rstrip())
+           line = await reader.readline()
+       print('\n')
+       writer.close()
+   
+   
+   def main():
+       """主函数"""
+       urls = ('www.sohu.com', 'www.douban.com', 'www.163.com')
+       # 获取系统默认的事件循环
+       loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+       # 用生成式语法构造一个包含多个协程对象的列表
+       tasks = [fetch(url) for url in urls]
+       # 通过asyncio模块的wait函数将协程列表包装成Task（Future子类）并等待其执行完成
+       # 通过事件循环的run_until_complete方法运行任务直到Future完成并返回它的结果
+       loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
+       loop.close()
+   
+   
+   if __name__ == '__main__':
+       main()
+   ```
+
+   > 说明：目前大多数网站都要求基于HTTPS通信，因此上面例子中的网络请求不一定能收到正常的响应，也就是说响应状态码不一定是200，有可能是3xx或者4xx。当然我们这里的重点不在于获得网站响应的内容，而是帮助大家理解`asyncio`模块以及`async`和`await`两个关键字的使用。
+
+我们对三种方式的使用场景做一个简单的总结。
+
+以下情况需要使用多线程：
+
+1. 程序需要维护许多共享的状态（尤其是可变状态），Python中的列表、字典、集合都是线程安全的，所以使用线程而不是进程维护共享状态的代价相对较小。
+2. 程序会花费大量时间在I/O操作上，没有太多并行计算的需求且不需占用太多的内存。
+
+以下情况需要使用多进程：
+
+1. 程序执行计算密集型任务（如：字节码操作、数据处理、科学计算）。
+2. 程序的输入可以并行的分成块，并且可以将运算结果合并。
+3. 程序在内存使用方面没有任何限制且不强依赖于I/O操作（如：读写文件、套接字等）。
+
+最后，如果程序不需要真正的并发性或并行性，而是更多的依赖于异步处理和回调时，异步I/O就是一种很好的选择。另一方面，当程序中有大量的等待与休眠时，也应该考虑使用异步I/O。
+
+> 扩展：关于进程，还需要做一些补充说明。首先，为了控制进程的执行，操作系统内核必须有能力挂起正在CPU上运行的进程，并恢复以前挂起的某个进程使之继续执行，这种行为被称为进程切换（也叫调度）。进程切换是比较耗费资源的操作，因为在进行切换时首先要保存当前进程的上下文（内核再次唤醒该进程时所需要的状态，包括：程序计数器、状态寄存器、数据栈等），然后还要恢复准备执行的进程的上下文。正在执行的进程由于期待的某些事件未发生，如请求系统资源失败、等待某个操作完成、新数据尚未到达等原因会主动由运行状态变为阻塞状态，当进程进入阻塞状态，是不占用CPU资源的。这些知识对于理解到底选择哪种方式进行并发编程也是很重要的。
+
+### I/O模式和事件驱动
+
+对于一次I/O操作（以读操作为例），数据会先被拷贝到操作系统内核的缓冲区中，然后从操作系统内核的缓冲区拷贝到应用程序的缓冲区（这种方式称为标准I/O或缓存I/O，大多数文件系统的默认I/O都是这种方式），最后交给进程。所以说，当一个读操作发生时（写操作与之类似），它会经历两个阶段：(1)等待数据准备就绪；(2)将数据从内核拷贝到进程中。
+
+由于存在这两个阶段，因此产生了以下几种I/O模式：
+
+1. 阻塞 I/O（blocking I/O）：进程发起读操作，如果内核数据尚未就绪，进程会阻塞等待数据直到内核数据就绪并拷贝到进程的内存中。
+2. 非阻塞 I/O（non-blocking I/O）：进程发起读操作，如果内核数据尚未就绪，进程不阻塞而是收到内核返回的错误信息，进程收到错误信息可以再次发起读操作，一旦内核数据准备就绪，就立即将数据拷贝到了用户内存中，然后返回。
+3. 多路I/O复用（ I/O multiplexing）：监听多个I/O对象，当I/O对象有变化（数据就绪）的时候就通知用户进程。多路I/O复用的优势并不在于单个I/O操作能处理得更快，而是在于能处理更多的I/O操作。
+4. 异步 I/O（asynchronous I/O）：进程发起读操作后就可以去做别的事情了，内核收到异步读操作后会立即返回，所以用户进程不阻塞，当内核数据准备就绪时，内核发送一个信号给用户进程，告诉它读操作完成了。
+
+通常，我们编写一个处理用户请求的服务器程序时，有以下三种方式可供选择：
+
+1. 每收到一个请求，创建一个新的进程，来处理该请求；
+2. 每收到一个请求，创建一个新的线程，来处理该请求；
+3. 每收到一个请求，放入一个事件列表，让主进程通过非阻塞I/O方式来处理请求
+
+第1种方式实现比较简单，但由于创建进程开销比较大，会导致服务器性能比较差；第2种方式，由于要涉及到线程的同步，有可能会面临竞争、死锁等问题；第3种方式，就是所谓事件驱动的方式，它利用了多路I/O复用和异步I/O的优点，虽然代码逻辑比前面两种都复杂，但能达到最好的性能，这也是目前大多数网络服务器采用的方式。

Day61-65/03.异步化.md

+## 异步化
+
+在前面的例子中，我们并没有对`RequestHandler`中的`get`或`post`方法进行异步处理，这就意味着，一旦在`get`或`post`方法中出现了耗时间的操作，不仅仅是当前请求被阻塞，按照Tornado框架的工作模式，其他的请求也会被阻塞，所以我们需要对耗时间的操作进行异步化处理。
+
+在Tornado稍早一些的版本中，可以用装饰器实现请求方法的异步化或协程化来解决这个问题。
+
+- 给`RequestHandler`的请求处理函数添加`@tornado.web.asynchronous`装饰器，如下所示：
+
+  ```Python
+  class AsyncReqHandler(RequestHandler):
+      
+      @tornado.web.asynchronous
+      def get(self):
+         http = httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient()
+         http.fetch("http://example.com/", self._on_download)
+  
+      def _on_download(self, response):
+         do_something_with_response(response)
+         self.render("template.html")
+  ```
+
+- 给`RequestHandler`的请求处理函数添加`@tornado.gen.coroutine`装饰器，如下所示：
+
+  ```Python
+  class GenAsyncHandler(RequestHandler):
+      
+      @tornado.gen.coroutine
+      def get(self):
+          http_client = AsyncHTTPClient()
+          response = yield http_client.fetch("http://example.com")
+          do_something_with_response(response)
+          self.render("template.html")
+  ```
+
+- 使用`@return_future`装饰器，如下所示：
+
+  ```Python
+  @return_future
+  def future_func(arg1, arg2, callback):
+      # Do stuff (possibly asynchronous)
+      callback(result)
+  
+  async def caller():
+      await future_func(arg1, arg2)
+  ```
+
+在Tornado 5.x版本中，这几个装饰器都被标记为**deprcated**（过时），我们可以通过Python 3.5中引入的`async`和`await`（在Python 3.7中已经成为正式的关键字）来达到同样的效果。当然，要实现异步化还得靠其他的支持异步操作的三方库来支持，如果请求处理函数中用到了不支持异步操作的三方库，就需要靠自己写包装类来支持异步化。
+
+下面的代码演示了在读写数据库时如何实现请求处理的异步化。我们用到的数据库建表语句如下所示：
+
+```SQL
+create database hrs default charset utf8;
+
+use hrs;
+
+/* 创建部门表 */
+create table tb_dept
+(
+    dno     int not null comment '部门编号',
+    dname   varchar(10) not null comment '部门名称',
+    dloc    varchar(20) not null comment '部门所在地',
+    primary key (dno)
+);
+
+insert into tb_dept values
+    (10, '会计部', '北京'),
+    (20, '研发部', '成都'),
+    (30, '销售部', '重庆'),
+    (40, '运维部', '深圳');
+```
+
+我们通过下面的代码实现了查询和新增部门两个操作。
+
+```Python
+import json
+
+import aiomysql
+import tornado
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
+from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options
+
+define('port', default=8000, type=int)
+
+
+async def connect_mysql():
+    return await aiomysql.connect(
+        host='120.77.222.217',
+        port=3306,
+        db='hrs',
+        user='root',
+        password='123456',
+    )
+
+
+class HomeHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+
+    async def get(self, no):
+        async with self.settings['mysql'].cursor(aiomysql.DictCursor) as cursor:
+            await cursor.execute("select * from tb_dept where dno=%s", (no, ))
+            if cursor.rowcount == 0:
+                self.finish(json.dumps({
+                    'code': 20001,
+                    'mesg': f'没有编号为{no}的部门'
+                }))
+                return
+            row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            self.finish(json.dumps(row))
+
+    async def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        no = self.get_argument('no')
+        name = self.get_argument('name')
+        loc = self.get_argument('loc')
+        conn = self.settings['mysql']
+        try:
+            async with conn.cursor() as cursor:
+                await cursor.execute('insert into tb_dept values (%s, %s, %s)',
+                                     (no, name, loc))
+            await conn.commit()
+        except aiomysql.MySQLError:
+            self.finish(json.dumps({
+                'code': 20002,
+                'mesg': '添加部门失败请确认部门信息'
+            }))
+        else:
+            self.set_status(201)
+            self.finish()
+
+
+def make_app(config):
+    return tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/api/depts/(.*)', HomeHandler), ],
+        **config
+    )
+
+
+def main():
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = make_app({
+        'debug': True,
+        'mysql': IOLoop.current().run_sync(connect_mysql)
+    })
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
+```
+
+上面的代码中，我们用到了`aiomysql`这个三方库，它基于`pymysql`封装，实现了对MySQL操作的异步化。操作Redis可以使用`aioredis`，访问MongoDB可以使用`motor`，这些都是支持异步操作的三方库。
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/05.项目实战.md

+## 项目实战
+

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/chat_handlers.py

+"""
+handlers.py - 用户登录和聊天的处理器
+"""
+import tornado.web
+import tornado.websocket
+
+nicknames = set()
+connections = {}
+
+
+class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+
+    def get(self):
+        self.render('login.html', hint='')
+
+    def post(self):
+        nickname = self.get_argument('nickname')
+        if nickname in nicknames:
+            self.render('login.html', hint='昵称已被使用，请更换昵称')
+        self.set_secure_cookie('nickname', nickname)
+        self.render('chat.html')
+
+
+class ChatHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
+
+    def open(self):
+        nickname = self.get_secure_cookie('nickname').decode()
+        nicknames.add(nickname)
+        for conn in connections.values():
+            conn.write_message(f'~~~{nickname}进入了聊天室~~~')
+        connections[nickname] = self
+
+    def on_message(self, message):
+        nickname = self.get_secure_cookie('nickname').decode()
+        for conn in connections.values():
+            if conn is not self:
+                conn.write_message(f'{nickname}说：{message}')
+
+    def on_close(self):
+        nickname = self.get_secure_cookie('nickname').decode()
+        del connections[nickname]
+        nicknames.remove(nickname)
+        for conn in connections.values():
+            conn.write_message(f'~~~{nickname}离开了聊天室~~~')

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/chat_server.py

+"""
+chat_server.py - 聊天服务器
+"""
+import os
+
+import tornado.web
+import tornado.ioloop
+
+from chat_handlers import LoginHandler, ChatHandler
+
+
+def main():
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/login', LoginHandler), (r'/chat', ChatHandler)],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
+        static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static'),
+        cookie_secret='MWM2MzEyOWFlOWRiOWM2MGMzZThhYTk0ZDNlMDA0OTU=',
+    )
+    app.listen(8888)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example01.py

+"""
+example01.py - 五分钟上手Tornado
+"""
+import tornado.ioloop
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+
+# 定义默认端口
+define('port', default=8000, type=int)
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self):
+        # 向客户端（浏览器）写入内容
+        self.write('<h1>Hello, world!</h1>')
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    # 解析命令行参数，例如：
+    # python example01.py --port 8888
+    parse_command_line()
+    # 创建了Tornado框架中Application类的实例并指定handlers参数
+    # Application实例代表了我们的Web应用，handlers代表了路由解析
+    app = tornado.web.Application(handlers=[(r'/', MainHandler), ])
+    # 指定了监听HTTP请求的TCP端口（默认8000，也可以通过命令行参数指定）
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    # 获取Tornado框架的IOLoop实例并启动它（默认启动asyncio的事件循环）
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example02.py

+"""
+example02.py - 路由解析
+"""
+import os
+import random
+
+import tornado.ioloop
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+
+
+# 定义默认端口
+define('port', default=8000, type=int)
+
+
+class SayingHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self):
+        sayings = [
+            '世上没有绝望的处境，只有对处境绝望的人',
+            '人生的道路在态度的岔口一分为二，从此通向成功或失败',
+            '所谓措手不及，不是说没有时间准备，而是有时间的时候没有准备',
+            '那些你认为不靠谱的人生里，充满你没有勇气做的事',
+            '在自己喜欢的时间里，按照自己喜欢的方式，去做自己喜欢做的事，这便是自由',
+            '有些人不属于自己，但是遇见了也弥足珍贵'
+        ]
+        # 渲染index.html模板页
+        self.render('index.html', message=random.choice(sayings))
+
+
+class WeatherHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self, city):
+        # Tornado框架会自动处理百分号编码的问题
+        weathers = {
+            '北京': {'temperature': '-4~4', 'pollution': '195 中度污染'},
+            '成都': {'temperature': '3~9', 'pollution': '53 良'},
+            '深圳': {'temperature': '20~25', 'pollution': '25 优'},
+            '广州': {'temperature': '18~23', 'pollution': '56 良'},
+            '上海': {'temperature': '6~8', 'pollution': '65 良'}
+        }
+        if city in weathers:
+            self.render('weather.html', city=city, weather=weathers[city])
+        else:
+            self.render('index.html', message=f'没有{city}的天气信息')
+
+
+class ErrorHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self):
+        # 重定向到指定的路径
+        self.redirect('/saying')
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        # handlers是按列表中的顺序依次进行匹配的
+        handlers=[
+            (r'/saying/?', SayingHandler),
+            (r'/weather/([^/]{2,})/?', WeatherHandler),
+            (r'/.+', ErrorHandler),
+        ],
+        # 通过template_path参数设置模板页的路径
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates')
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example03.py

+"""
+example03.py - RequestHandler解析
+"""
+import os
+import re
+
+import tornado.ioloop
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+
+
+# 定义默认端口
+define('port', default=8000, type=int)
+
+users = {}
+
+
+class User(object):
+    """用户"""
+
+    def __init__(self, nickname, gender, birthday):
+        self.nickname = nickname
+        self.gender = gender
+        self.birthday = birthday
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self):
+        # 从Cookie中读取用户昵称
+        nickname = self.get_cookie('nickname')
+        if nickname in users:
+            self.render('userinfo.html', user=users[nickname])
+        else:
+            self.render('userform.html', hint='请填写个人信息')
+
+
+class UserHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def post(self):
+        # 从表单参数中读取用户昵称、性别和生日信息
+        nickname = self.get_body_argument('nickname').strip()
+        gender = self.get_body_argument('gender')
+        birthday = self.get_body_argument('birthday')
+        # 检查用户昵称是否有效
+        if not re.fullmatch(r'\w{6,20}', nickname):
+            self.render('userform.html', hint='请输入有效的昵称')
+        elif nickname in users:
+            self.render('userform.html', hint='昵称已经被使用过')
+        else:
+            users[nickname] = User(nickname, gender, birthday)
+            # 将用户昵称写入Cookie并设置有效期为7天
+            self.set_cookie('nickname', nickname, expires_days=7)
+            self.render('userinfo.html', user=users[nickname])
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[
+            (r'/', MainHandler),
+            (r'/register', UserHandler),
+        ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example04.py

+"""
+example04.py - 同步请求的例子
+"""
+import json
+import os
+
+import requests
+import tornado.gen
+import tornado.ioloop
+import tornado.web
+import tornado.websocket
+import tornado.httpclient
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+
+define('port', default=8888, type=int)
+
+REQ_URL = 'http://api.tianapi.com/guonei/'
+API_KEY = '772a81a51ae5c780251b1f98ea431b84'
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    def get(self):
+        resp = requests.get(f'{REQ_URL}?key={API_KEY}')
+        newslist = json.loads(resp.text)['newslist']
+        self.render('news.html', newslist=newslist)
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/', MainHandler), ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example05.py

+"""
+example05.py - 异步请求的例子
+"""
+import aiohttp
+import json
+import os
+
+import tornado.gen
+import tornado.ioloop
+import tornado.web
+import tornado.websocket
+import tornado.httpclient
+from tornado.options import define, options, parse_command_line
+
+define('port', default=8888, type=int)
+
+REQ_URL = 'http://api.tianapi.com/guonei/'
+API_KEY = '772a81a51ae5c780251b1f98ea431b84'
+
+
+class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    """自定义请求处理器"""
+
+    async def get(self):
+        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+            resp = await session.get(f'{REQ_URL}?key={API_KEY}')
+            json_str = await resp.text()
+            print(json_str)
+            newslist = json.loads(json_str)['newslist']
+            self.render('news.html', newslist=newslist)
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/', MainHandler), ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example06.py

+"""
+example06.py - 异步操作MySQL
+"""
+import json
+
+import aiomysql
+import tornado
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
+from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options
+
+define('port', default=8888, type=int)
+
+
+async def connect_mysql():
+    return await aiomysql.connect(
+        host='120.77.222.217',
+        port=3306,
+        db='hrs',
+        charset='utf8',
+        use_unicode=True,
+        user='root',
+        password='123456',
+    )
+
+
+class HomeHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+
+    async def get(self, no):
+        async with self.settings['mysql'].cursor(aiomysql.DictCursor) as cursor:
+            await cursor.execute("select * from tb_dept where dno=%s", (no, ))
+            if cursor.rowcount == 0:
+                self.finish(json.dumps({
+                    'code': 20001,
+                    'mesg': f'没有编号为{no}的部门'
+                }))
+                return
+            row = await cursor.fetchone()
+            self.finish(json.dumps(row))
+
+    async def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        no = self.get_argument('no')
+        name = self.get_argument('name')
+        loc = self.get_argument('loc')
+        conn = self.settings['mysql']
+        try:
+            async with conn.cursor() as cursor:
+                await cursor.execute('insert into tb_dept values (%s, %s, %s)',
+                                     (no, name, loc))
+            await conn.commit()
+        except aiomysql.MySQLError:
+            self.finish(json.dumps({
+                'code': 20002,
+                'mesg': '添加部门失败请确认部门信息'
+            }))
+        else:
+            self.set_status(201)
+            self.finish()
+
+
+def make_app(config):
+    return tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/api/depts/(.*)', HomeHandler), ],
+        **config
+    )
+
+
+def main():
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = make_app({
+        'debug': True,
+        'mysql': IOLoop.current().run_sync(connect_mysql)
+    })
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example07.py

+"""
+example07.py - 将非异步的三方库封装为异步调用
+"""
+import asyncio
+import concurrent
+import json
+
+import tornado
+import tornado.web
+import pymysql
+
+from pymysql import connect
+from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
+
+from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
+from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options
+from tornado.platform.asyncio import AnyThreadEventLoopPolicy
+
+define('port', default=8888, type=int)
+
+
+def get_mysql_connection():
+    return connect(
+        host='120.77.222.217',
+        port=3306,
+        db='hrs',
+        charset='utf8',
+        use_unicode=True,
+        user='root',
+        password='123456',
+    )
+
+
+class HomeHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+    executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10)
+
+    async def get(self, no):
+        return await self._get(no)
+
+    @tornado.concurrent.run_on_executor
+    def _get(self, no):
+        con = get_mysql_connection()
+        try:
+            with con.cursor(DictCursor) as cursor:
+                cursor.execute("select * from tb_dept where dno=%s", (no, ))
+                if cursor.rowcount == 0:
+                    self.finish(json.dumps({
+                        'code': 20001,
+                        'mesg': f'没有编号为{no}的部门'
+                    }))
+                    return
+                row = cursor.fetchone()
+                self.finish(json.dumps(row))
+        finally:
+            con.close()
+
+    async def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self._post(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @tornado.concurrent.run_on_executor
+    def _post(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        no = self.get_argument('no')
+        name = self.get_argument('name')
+        loc = self.get_argument('loc')
+        conn = get_mysql_connection()
+        try:
+            with conn.cursor() as cursor:
+                cursor.execute('insert into tb_dept values (%s, %s, %s)',
+                               (no, name, loc))
+            conn.commit()
+        except pymysql.MySQLError:
+            self.finish(json.dumps({
+                'code': 20002,
+                'mesg': '添加部门失败请确认部门信息'
+            }))
+        else:
+            self.set_status(201)
+            self.finish()
+
+
+def main():
+    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(AnyThreadEventLoopPolicy())
+    parse_command_line()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[(r'/api/depts/(.*)', HomeHandler), ]
+    )
+    app.listen(options.port)
+    IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example_of_aiohttp.py

+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import aiohttp
+
+PATTERN = re.compile(r'\<title\>(?P<title>.*)\<\/title\>')
+
+
+async def show_title(url):
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+        resp = await session.get(url, ssl=False)
+        html = await resp.text()
+        print(PATTERN.search(html).group('title'))
+
+
+def main():
+    urls = ('https://www.python.org/',
+            'https://git-scm.com/',
+            'https://www.jd.com/',
+            'https://www.taobao.com/',
+            'https://www.douban.com/')
+    # asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(uvloop.EventLoopPolicy())
+    # 获取事件循环（）
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    tasks = [show_title(url) for url in urls]
+    loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example_of_asyncio.py

+import asyncio
+
+
+async def fetch(host):
+    """从指定的站点抓取信息(协程函数)"""
+    print(f'Start fetching {host}\n')
+    # 跟服务器建立连接
+    reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(host, 80)
+    # 构造请求行和请求头
+    writer.write(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n')
+    writer.write(f'Host: {host}\r\n'.encode())
+    writer.write(b'\r\n')
+    # 清空缓存区(发送请求)
+    await writer.drain()
+    # 接收服务器的响应(读取响应行和响应头)
+    line = await reader.readline()
+    while line != b'\r\n':
+        print(line.decode().rstrip())
+        line = await reader.readline()
+    print('\n')
+    writer.close()
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    urls = ('www.sohu.com', 'www.douban.com', 'www.163.com')
+    # 获取系统默认的事件循环
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    # 用生成式语法构造一个包含多个协程对象的列表
+    tasks = [fetch(url) for url in urls]
+    # 通过asyncio模块的wait函数将协程列表包装成Task（Future子类）并等待其执行完成
+    # 通过事件循环的run_until_complete方法运行任务直到Future完成并返回它的结果
+    futures = asyncio.wait(tasks)
+    print(futures, type(futures))
+    loop.run_until_complete(futures)
+    loop.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example_of_coroutine.py

+"""
+协程（coroutine）- 可以在需要时进行切换的相互协作的子程序
+"""
+import asyncio
+
+from example_of_multiprocess import is_prime
+
+
+def num_generator(m, n):
+    """指定范围的数字生成器"""
+    for num in range(m, n + 1):
+        print(f'generate number: {num}')
+        yield num
+
+
+async def prime_filter(m, n):
+    """素数过滤器"""
+    primes = []
+    for i in num_generator(m, n):
+        if is_prime(i):
+            print('Prime =>', i)
+            primes.append(i)
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
+    return tuple(primes)
+
+
+async def square_mapper(m, n):
+    """平方映射器"""
+    squares = []
+    for i in num_generator(m, n):
+        print('Square =>', i * i)
+        squares.append(i * i)
+
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.001)
+    return squares
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    start, end = 1, 100
+    futures = asyncio.gather(prime_filter(start, end), square_mapper(start, end))
+    futures.add_done_callback(lambda x: print(x.result()))
+    loop.run_until_complete(futures)
+    loop.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/example_of_multiprocess.py

+"""
+用下面的命令运行程序并查看执行时间，例如：
+time python3 example05.py
+real    0m20.657s
+user    1m17.749s
+sys     0m0.158s
+使用多进程后实际执行时间为20.657秒，而用户时间1分17.749秒约为实际执行时间的4倍
+这就证明我们的程序通过多进程使用了CPU的多核特性，而且这台计算机配置了4核的CPU
+"""
+import concurrent.futures
+import math
+
+PRIMES = [
+    1116281,
+    1297337,
+    104395303,
+    472882027,
+    533000389,
+    817504243,
+    982451653,
+    112272535095293,
+    112582705942171,
+    112272535095293,
+    115280095190773,
+    115797848077099,
+    1099726899285419
+] * 5
+
+
+def is_prime(num):
+    """判断素数"""
+    assert num > 0
+    if num % 2 == 0:
+        return False
+    for i in range(3, int(math.sqrt(num)) + 1, 2):
+        if num % i == 0:
+            return False
+    return num != 1
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:
+        for number, prime in zip(PRIMES, executor.map(is_prime, PRIMES)):
+            print('%d is prime: %s' % (number, prime))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/requirements.txt

+aiohttp==3.5.4
+aiomysql==0.0.20
+asn1crypto==0.24.0
+async-timeout==3.0.1
+attrs==19.1.0
+certifi==2019.3.9
+cffi==1.12.2
+chardet==3.0.4
+cryptography==2.6.1
+idna==2.8
+multidict==4.5.2
+pycparser==2.19
+PyMySQL==0.9.2
+requests==2.21.0
+six==1.12.0
+tornado==5.1.1
+urllib3==1.24.1
+yarl==1.3.0

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/templates/chat.html

+<!-- chat.html -->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>Tornado聊天室</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>聊天室</h1>
+    <hr>
+    <div>
+        <textarea id="contents" rows="20" cols="120" readonly></textarea>
+    </div>
+    <div class="send">
+        <input type="text" id="content" size="50">
+        <input type="button" id="send" value="发送">
+    </div>
+    <p>
+        <a id="quit" href="javascript:void(0);">退出聊天室</a>
+    </p>
+    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
+    <script>
+        $(function() {
+            // 将内容追加到指定的文本区
+            function appendContent($ta, message) {
+                var contents = $ta.val();
+                contents += '\n' + message;
+                $ta.val(contents);
+                $ta[0].scrollTop = $ta[0].scrollHeight;
+            }
+            // 通过WebSocket发送消息
+            function sendMessage() {
+                message = $('#content').val().trim();
+                if (message.length > 0) {
+                    ws.send(message);
+                    appendContent($('#contents'), '我说：' + message);
+                    $('#content').val('');
+                }
+            }
+            // 创建WebSocket对象
+            var ws= new WebSocket('ws://localhost:8888/chat');
+            // 连接建立后执行的回调函数
+            ws.onopen = function(evt) {
+                $('#contents').val('~~~欢迎您进入聊天室~~~');
+            };
+            // 收到消息后执行的回调函数
+            ws.onmessage = function(evt) {
+                appendContent($('#contents'), evt.data);
+            };
+            // 为发送按钮绑定点击事件回调函数
+            $('#send').on('click', sendMessage);
+            // 为文本框绑定按下回车事件回调函数
+            $('#content').on('keypress', function(evt) {
+                keycode = evt.keyCode || evt.which;
+                if (keycode == 13) {
+                    sendMessage();
+                }
+            });
+            // 为退出聊天室超链接绑定点击事件回调函数
+            $('#quit').on('click', function(evt) {
+                ws.close();
+                location.href = '/login';
+            });
+        });
+    </script>
+</body>
+</html>

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/templates/login.html

+<!-- login.html -->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>Tornado聊天室</title>
+    <style>
+        .hint { color: red; font-size: 0.8em; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div>
+        <div id="container">
+            <h1>进入聊天室</h1>
+            <hr>
+            <p class="hint">{{hint}}</p>
+            <form method="post" action="/login">
+                <label>昵称：</label>
+                <input type="text" placeholder="请输入你的昵称" name="nickname">
+                <button type="submit">登录</button>
+            </form>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>

Day61-65/code/hello-tornado/templates/news.html

+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <title>新闻列表</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1>新闻列表</h1>
+    <hr>
+    {% for news in newslist %}
+    <div>
+        <img src="{{news['picUrl']}}" alt="">
+        <p>{{news['title']}}</p>
+    </div>
+    {% end %}
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/css/admin.css

+/**
+ * admin.css
+ */
+
+
+/*
+ fixed-layout 固定头部和边栏布局
+*/
+
+html,
+body {
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+ul {
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-icon-yellow {
+  color: #ffbe40;
+}
+
+.admin-header {
+  position: fixed;
+  top: 0;
+  left: 0;
+  right: 0;
+  z-index: 1500;
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-header-list a:hover :after {
+  content: none;
+}
+
+.admin-main {
+  position: relative;
+  height: 100%;
+  padding-top: 51px;
+  background: #f3f3f3;
+}
+
+.admin-menu {
+  position: fixed;
+  z-index: 10;
+  bottom: 30px;
+  right: 20px;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar {
+  width: 260px;
+  min-height: 100%;
+  float: left;
+  border-right: 1px solid #cecece;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar.am-active {
+  z-index: 1600;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-list {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-list li a {
+  color: #5c5c5c;
+  padding-left: 24px;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-list li:first-child {
+  border-top: none;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-sub {
+  margin-top: 0;
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+  box-shadow: 0 16px 8px -15px #e2e2e2 inset;
+  background: #ececec;
+  padding-left: 24px;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-sub li:first-child {
+  border-top: 1px solid #dedede;
+}
+
+.admin-sidebar-panel {
+  margin: 10px;
+}
+
+.admin-content {
+  display: -webkit-box;
+  display: -webkit-flex;
+  display: -ms-flexbox;
+  display: flex;
+  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
+  -webkit-box-direction: normal;
+  -webkit-flex-direction: column;
+  -ms-flex-direction: column;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  background: #fff;
+}
+
+.admin-content,
+.admin-sidebar {
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+  overflow-y: scroll;
+  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+}
+
+.admin-content-body {
+  -webkit-box-flex: 1;
+  -webkit-flex: 1 0 auto;
+  -ms-flex: 1 0 auto;
+  flex: 1 0 auto;
+}
+
+.admin-content-footer {
+  font-size: 85%;
+  color: #777;
+}
+
+.admin-content-list {
+  border: 1px solid #e9ecf1;
+  margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-content-list li {
+  border: 1px solid #e9ecf1;
+  border-width: 0 1px;
+  margin-left: -1px;
+}
+
+.admin-content-list li:first-child {
+  border-left: none;
+}
+
+.admin-content-list li:last-child {
+  border-right: none;
+}
+
+.admin-content-table a {
+  color: #535353;
+}
+.admin-content-file {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+  color: #666;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file p {
+  margin: 0 0 5px 0;
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file li {
+  padding: 10px 0;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file li:first-child {
+  border-top: none;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file li:last-child {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file li .am-progress {
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+
+.admin-content-file li .am-progress-bar {
+  line-height: 14px;
+}
+
+.admin-content-task {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-content-task li {
+  padding: 5px 0;
+  border-color: #eee;
+}
+
+.admin-content-task li:first-child {
+  border-top: none;
+}
+
+.admin-content-task li:last-child {
+  border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+.admin-task-meta {
+  font-size: 1.2rem;
+  color: #999;
+}
+
+.admin-task-bd {
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+  margin-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+.admin-content-comment {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.admin-content-comment .am-comment-bd {
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+}
+
+.admin-content-pagination {
+  margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+.admin-content-pagination li a {
+  padding: 4px 8px;
+}
+
+@media only screen and (min-width: 641px) {
+  .admin-sidebar {
+    display: block;
+    position: static;
+    background: none;
+  }
+
+  .admin-offcanvas-bar {
+    position: static;
+    width: auto;
+    background: none;
+    -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
+    -ms-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
+    transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
+    overflow-y: visible;
+    min-height: 100%;
+  }
+  .admin-offcanvas-bar:after {
+    content: none;
+  }
+}
+
+@media only screen and (max-width: 640px) {
+  .admin-sidebar {
+    width: inherit;
+  }
+
+  .admin-offcanvas-bar {
+    background: #f3f3f3;
+  }
+
+  .admin-offcanvas-bar:after {
+    background: #BABABA;
+  }
+
+  .admin-sidebar-list a:hover, .admin-sidebar-list a:active{
+    -webkit-transition: background-color .3s ease;
+    -moz-transition: background-color .3s ease;
+    -ms-transition: background-color .3s ease;
+    -o-transition: background-color .3s ease;
+    transition: background-color .3s ease;
+    background: #E4E4E4;
+  }
+
+  .admin-content-list li {
+    padding: 10px;
+    border-width: 1px 0;
+    margin-top: -1px;
+  }
+
+  .admin-content-list li:first-child {
+    border-top: none;
+  }
+
+  .admin-content-list li:last-child {
+    border-bottom: none;
+  }
+
+  .admin-form-text {
+    text-align: left !important;
+  }
+
+}
+
+/*
+* user.html css
+*/
+.user-info {
+  margin-bottom: 15px;
+}
+
+.user-info .am-progress {
+  margin-bottom: 4px;
+}
+
+.user-info p {
+  margin: 5px;
+}
+
+.user-info-order {
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+}
+
+/*
+* errorLog.html css
+*/
+
+.error-log .am-pre-scrollable {
+  max-height: 40rem;
+}
+
+/*
+* table.html css
+*/
+
+.table-main {
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+  padding: .5rem;
+}
+
+.table-main button {
+  background: #fff;
+}
+
+.table-check {
+  width: 30px;
+}
+
+.table-id {
+  width: 50px;
+}
+
+@media only screen and (max-width: 640px) {
+  .table-select {
+    margin-top: 10px;
+    margin-left: 5px;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+gallery.html css
+*/
+
+.gallery-list li {
+  padding: 10px;
+}
+
+.gallery-list a {
+  color: #666;
+}
+
+.gallery-list a:hover {
+  color: #3bb4f2;
+}
+
+.gallery-title {
+  margin-top: 6px;
+  font-size: 1.4rem;
+}
+
+.gallery-desc {
+  font-size: 1.2rem;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+/*
+ 404.html css
+*/
+
+.page-404 {
+  background: #fff;
+  border: none;
+  width: 200px;
+  margin: 0 auto;
+}

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/css/amazeui.datatables.min.css

+.am-datatable-hd{margin-bottom:10px}.am-datatable-hd label{font-weight:400}.am-datatable-filter{text-align:right}.am-datatable-filter input{margin-left:.5em}table.dataTable thead .sorting,table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc,table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc_disabled,table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc,table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc_disabled{cursor:pointer;position:relative}table.dataTable thead .sorting:after{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-12px;right:8px;display:block;font-weight:400}table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc:after,table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc:after{position:absolute;top:50%;margin-top:-12px;right:8px;display:block;opacity:.5;font-weight:400}table.dataTable thead .sorting:after{opacity:.2;content:"\f0dc"}table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc:after{content:"\f15d"}table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc:after{content:"\f15e"}div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting:after,div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc:after,div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc:after,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting:after,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc:after,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc:after,div.dataTables_scrollBody table.dataTable thead .sorting:after,div.dataTables_scrollBody table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc:after,div.dataTables_scrollBody table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc:after{display:none}table.dataTable thead .sorting_asc_disabled:after,table.dataTable thead .sorting_desc_disabled:after{color:#eee}table.dataTable thead>tr>th{padding-right:30px}table.dataTable th:active{outline:none}table.dataTable.table-condensed thead>tr>th{padding-right:20px}table.dataTable.table-condensed thead .sorting:after,table.dataTable.table-condensed thead .sorting_asc:after,table.dataTable.table-condensed thead .sorting_desc:after{top:6px;right:6px}div.dataTables_scrollHead table{margin-bottom:0!important;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}div.DTFC_LeftHeadWrapper table thead tr:last-child td:first-child,div.DTFC_LeftHeadWrapper table thead tr:last-child th:first-child,div.DTFC_RightHeadWrapper table thead tr:last-child td:first-child,div.DTFC_RightHeadWrapper table thead tr:last-child th:first-child,div.dataTables_scrollHead table thead tr:last-child td:first-child,div.dataTables_scrollHead table thead tr:last-child th:first-child{border-bottom-left-radius:0!important;border-bottom-right-radius:0!important}div.dataTables_scrollBody table{border-top:none;margin-top:0!important;margin-bottom:0!important}div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper tbody tr:first-child td,div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper tbody tr:first-child th,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper tbody tr:first-child td,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper tbody tr:first-child th,div.dataTables_scrollBody tbody tr:first-child td,div.dataTables_scrollBody tbody tr:first-child th{border-top:none}div.dataTables_scrollFoot table{margin-top:0!important;border-top:none}table.table-bordered.dataTable{border-collapse:separate!important}table.table-bordered thead td,table.table-bordered thead th{border-left-width:0;border-top-width:0}table.table-bordered tbody td,table.table-bordered tbody th,table.table-bordered tfoot td,table.table-bordered tfoot th{border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0}table.table-bordered td:last-child,table.table-bordered th:last-child{border-right-width:0}div.dataTables_scrollHead table.table-bordered{border-bottom-width:0}.table.dataTable tbody tr.active td,.table.dataTable tbody tr.active th{background-color:#08c;color:#fff}.table.dataTable tbody tr.active:hover td,.table.dataTable tbody tr.active:hover th{background-color:#0075b0!important}.table.dataTable tbody tr.active td>a,.table.dataTable tbody tr.active th>a{color:#fff}.table-striped.dataTable tbody tr.active:nth-child(odd) td,.table-striped.dataTable tbody tr.active:nth-child(odd) th{background-color:#017ebc}table.DTTT_selectable tbody tr{cursor:pointer}div.DTTT .btn:hover{text-decoration:none!important}ul.DTTT_dropdown.dropdown-menu{z-index:2003}ul.DTTT_dropdown.dropdown-menu a{color:#333!important}ul.DTTT_dropdown.dropdown-menu li{position:relative}ul.DTTT_dropdown.dropdown-menu li:hover a{background-color:#08c;color:#fff!important}div.DTTT_collection_background{z-index:2002}div.DTTT_print_info,div.dataTables_processing{top:50%;left:50%;text-align:center;background-color:#fff}div.DTTT_print_info{color:#333;padding:10px 30px;opacity:.95;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:6px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.5);box-shadow:0 3px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.5);position:fixed;width:400px;height:150px;margin-left:-200px;margin-top:-75px}div.DTTT_print_info h6{font-weight:400;font-size:28px;line-height:28px;margin:1em}div.DTTT_print_info p{font-size:14px;line-height:20px}div.dataTables_processing{position:absolute;width:100%;height:60px;margin-left:-50%;margin-top:-25px;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;font-size:1.2em;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(25%,rgba(255,255,255,.9)),color-stop(75%,rgba(255,255,255,.9)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.9) 25%,rgba(255,255,255,.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,from(rgba(255,255,255,0)),color-stop(25%,rgba(255,255,255,.9)),color-stop(75%,rgba(255,255,255,.9)),to(rgba(255,255,255,0)));background:linear-gradient(to right,rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.9) 25%,rgba(255,255,255,.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%)}div.DTFC_LeftHeadWrapper table{background-color:#fff}div.DTFC_LeftFootWrapper table{background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:0}div.DTFC_RightHeadWrapper table{background-color:#fff}div.DTFC_RightFootWrapper table,table.DTFC_Cloned tr.even{background-color:#fff;margin-bottom:0}div.DTFC_LeftHeadWrapper table,div.DTFC_RightHeadWrapper table{border-bottom:none!important;margin-bottom:0!important;border-top-right-radius:0!important;border-bottom-left-radius:0!important;border-bottom-right-radius:0!important}div.DTFC_LeftBodyWrapper table,div.DTFC_RightBodyWrapper table{border-top:none;margin:0!important}div.DTFC_LeftFootWrapper table,div.DTFC_RightFootWrapper table{border-top:none;margin-top:0!important}div.FixedHeader_Cloned table{margin:0!important}.am-datatable-pager{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.am-datatable-info{padding-top:6px;color:#555;font-size:1.4rem}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>td:first-child,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>th:first-child{position:relative;padding-left:30px;cursor:pointer}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>td:first-child:before,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>th:first-child:before{top:8px;left:4px;height:16px;width:16px;display:block;position:absolute;color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:16px;text-align:center;line-height:14px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px #444;box-shadow:0 0 3px #444;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;content:'+';background-color:#31b131}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>td:first-child.dataTables_empty:before,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr>th:first-child.dataTables_empty:before{display:none}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr.parent>td:first-child:before,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr.parent>th:first-child:before{content:'-';background-color:#d33333}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed>tbody>tr.child td:before{display:none}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed.compact>tbody>tr>td:first-child,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed.compact>tbody>tr>th:first-child{padding-left:27px}table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed.compact>tbody>tr>td:first-child:before,table.dataTable.dtr-inline.collapsed.compact>tbody>tr>th:first-child:before{top:5px;left:4px;height:14px;width:14px;border-radius:14px;line-height:12px}table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr>td.control,table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr>th.control{position:relative;cursor:pointer}table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr>td.control:before,table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr>th.control:before{top:50%;left:50%;height:16px;width:16px;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:-10px;display:block;position:absolute;color:#fff;border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:16px;text-align:center;line-height:14px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px #666;box-shadow:0 0 3px #666;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;content:'+';background-color:#5eb95e}table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr.parent td.control:before,table.dataTable.dtr-column>tbody>tr.parent th.control:before{content:'-';background-color:#dd514c}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child{padding:.5em 1em}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child:hover{background:0 0!important}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child ul{display:inline-block;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child ul li{border-bottom:1px solid #efefef;padding:.5em 0}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child ul li:first-child{padding-top:0}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child ul li:last-child{border-bottom:none}table.dataTable>tbody>tr.child span.dtr-title{display:inline-block;min-width:75px;font-weight:700}
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/css/fullcalendar.print.css

+/*!
+ * FullCalendar v0.0.0 Print Stylesheet
+ * Docs & License: http://fullcalendar.io/
+ * (c) 2016 Adam Shaw
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Include this stylesheet on your page to get a more printer-friendly calendar.
+ * When including this stylesheet, use the media='print' attribute of the <link> tag.
+ * Make sure to include this stylesheet IN ADDITION to the regular fullcalendar.css.
+ */
+
+.fc {
+	max-width: 100% !important;
+}
+
+
+/* Global Event Restyling
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+.fc-event {
+	background: #fff !important;
+	color: #000 !important;
+	page-break-inside: avoid;
+}
+
+.fc-event .fc-resizer {
+	display: none;
+}
+
+
+/* Table & Day-Row Restyling
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+.fc th,
+.fc td,
+.fc hr,
+.fc thead,
+.fc tbody,
+.fc-row {
+	border-color: #ccc !important;
+	background: #fff !important;
+}
+
+/* kill the overlaid, absolutely-positioned components */
+/* common... */
+.fc-bg,
+.fc-bgevent-skeleton,
+.fc-highlight-skeleton,
+.fc-helper-skeleton,
+/* for timegrid. within cells within table skeletons... */
+.fc-bgevent-container,
+.fc-business-container,
+.fc-highlight-container,
+.fc-helper-container {
+	display: none;
+}
+
+/* don't force a min-height on rows (for DayGrid) */
+.fc tbody .fc-row {
+	height: auto !important; /* undo height that JS set in distributeHeight */
+	min-height: 0 !important; /* undo the min-height from each view's specific stylesheet */
+}
+
+.fc tbody .fc-row .fc-content-skeleton {
+	position: static; /* undo .fc-rigid */
+	padding-bottom: 0 !important; /* use a more border-friendly method for this... */
+}
+
+.fc tbody .fc-row .fc-content-skeleton tbody tr:last-child td { /* only works in newer browsers */
+	padding-bottom: 1em; /* ...gives space within the skeleton. also ensures min height in a way */
+}
+
+.fc tbody .fc-row .fc-content-skeleton table {
+	/* provides a min-height for the row, but only effective for IE, which exaggerates this value,
+	   making it look more like 3em. for other browers, it will already be this tall */
+	height: 1em;
+}
+
+
+/* Undo month-view event limiting. Display all events and hide the "more" links
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+.fc-more-cell,
+.fc-more {
+	display: none !important;
+}
+
+.fc tr.fc-limited {
+	display: table-row !important;
+}
+
+.fc td.fc-limited {
+	display: table-cell !important;
+}
+
+.fc-popover {
+	display: none; /* never display the "more.." popover in print mode */
+}
+
+
+/* TimeGrid Restyling
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* undo the min-height 100% trick used to fill the container's height */
+.fc-time-grid {
+	min-height: 0 !important;
+}
+
+/* don't display the side axis at all ("all-day" and time cells) */
+.fc-agenda-view .fc-axis {
+	display: none;
+}
+
+/* don't display the horizontal lines */
+.fc-slats,
+.fc-time-grid hr { /* this hr is used when height is underused and needs to be filled */
+	display: none !important; /* important overrides inline declaration */
+}
+
+/* let the container that holds the events be naturally positioned and create real height */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-content-skeleton {
+	position: static;
+}
+
+/* in case there are no events, we still want some height */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-content-skeleton table {
+	height: 4em;
+}
+
+/* kill the horizontal spacing made by the event container. event margins will be done below */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event-container {
+	margin: 0 !important;
+}
+
+
+/* TimeGrid *Event* Restyling
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* naturally position events, vertically stacking them */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event {
+	position: static !important;
+	margin: 3px 2px !important;
+}
+
+/* for events that continue to a future day, give the bottom border back */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event.fc-not-end {
+	border-bottom-width: 1px !important;
+}
+
+/* indicate the event continues via "..." text */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event.fc-not-end:after {
+	content: "...";
+}
+
+/* for events that are continuations from previous days, give the top border back */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event.fc-not-start {
+	border-top-width: 1px !important;
+}
+
+/* indicate the event is a continuation via "..." text */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event.fc-not-start:before {
+	content: "...";
+}
+
+/* time */
+
+/* undo a previous declaration and let the time text span to a second line */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event .fc-time {
+	white-space: normal !important;
+}
+
+/* hide the the time that is normally displayed... */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event .fc-time span {
+	display: none;
+}
+
+/* ...replace it with a more verbose version (includes AM/PM) stored in an html attribute */
+.fc-time-grid .fc-event .fc-time:after {
+	content: attr(data-full);
+}
+
+
+/* Vertical Scroller & Containers
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* kill the scrollbars and allow natural height */
+.fc-scroller,
+.fc-day-grid-container,    /* these divs might be assigned height, which we need to cleared */
+.fc-time-grid-container {  /* */
+	overflow: visible !important;
+	height: auto !important;
+}
+
+/* kill the horizontal border/padding used to compensate for scrollbars */
+.fc-row {
+	border: 0 !important;
+	margin: 0 !important;
+}
+
+
+/* Button Controls
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+.fc-button-group,
+.fc button {
+	display: none; /* don't display any button-related controls */
+}

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/html/login.html

+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+    <title>Amaze UI Admin index Examples</title>
+    <meta name="description" content="这是一个 index 页面">
+    <meta name="keywords" content="index">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
+    <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../i/favicon.png">
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="../i/app-icon72x72@2x.png">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Amaze UI" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/amazeui.min.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/amazeui.datatables.min.css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/app.css">
+    <script src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body data-type="login">
+    <script src="../js/theme.js"></script>
+    <div class="am-g tpl-g">
+        <!-- 风格切换 -->
+        <div class="tpl-skiner">
+            <div class="tpl-skiner-toggle am-icon-cog">
+            </div>
+            <div class="tpl-skiner-content">
+                <div class="tpl-skiner-content-title">
+                    选择主题
+                </div>
+                <div class="tpl-skiner-content-bar">
+                    <span class="skiner-color skiner-white" data-color="theme-white"></span>
+                    <span class="skiner-color skiner-black" data-color="theme-black"></span>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        <div class="tpl-login">
+            <div class="tpl-login-content">
+                <div class="tpl-login-logo"></div>
+                <form class="am-form tpl-form-line-form">
+                    <div class="am-form-group">
+                        <input type="text" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="请输入账号">
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="am-form-group">
+                        <input type="password" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="请输入密码">
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="am-form-group tpl-login-remember-me">
+                        <input id="remember-me" type="checkbox">
+                        <label for="remember-me">记住密码</label>
+                    </div>
+                    <div class="am-form-group">
+                        <button type="button" class="am-btn am-btn-primary  am-btn-block tpl-btn-bg-color-success  tpl-login-btn">提交</button>
+                    </div>
+                </form>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <script src="../js/amazeui.min.js"></script>
+    <script src="../js/app.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/html/sign-up.html

+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+    <title>Amaze UI Admin index Examples</title>
+    <meta name="description" content="这是一个 index 页面">
+    <meta name="keywords" content="index">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">
+    <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"/>
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="../i/favicon.png">
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="../i/app-icon72x72@2x.png">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Amaze UI"/>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/amazeui.min.css"/>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/amazeui.datatables.min.css"/>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/app.css">
+    <script src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
+</head>
+<body data-type="login">
+<script src="../js/theme.js"></script>
+<div class="am-g tpl-g">
+    <!-- 风格切换 -->
+    <div class="tpl-skiner">
+        <div class="tpl-skiner-toggle am-icon-cog">
+        </div>
+        <div class="tpl-skiner-content">
+            <div class="tpl-skiner-content-title">
+                选择主题
+            </div>
+            <div class="tpl-skiner-content-bar">
+                <span class="skiner-color skiner-white" data-color="theme-white"></span>
+                <span class="skiner-color skiner-black" data-color="theme-black"></span>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="tpl-login">
+        <div class="tpl-login-content">
+            <div class="tpl-login-title">注册用户</div>
+            <span class="tpl-login-content-info">创建一个新的用户</span>
+            <form class="am-form tpl-form-line-form">
+                <div class="am-form-group">
+                    <input type="text" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="邮箱">
+                </div>
+                <div class="am-form-group">
+                    <input type="text" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="用户名">
+                </div>
+                <div class="am-form-group">
+                    <input type="password" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="请输入密码">
+                </div>
+                <div class="am-form-group">
+                    <input type="password" class="tpl-form-input" id="user-name" placeholder="再次输入密码">
+                </div>
+                <div class="am-form-group tpl-login-remember-me">
+                    <input id="remember-me" type="checkbox">
+                    <label for="remember-me">我已阅读并同意 <a href="javascript:;">《用户注册协议》</a></label>
+                </div>
+                <div class="am-form-group">
+                    <button type="button"
+                            class="am-btn am-btn-primary  am-btn-block tpl-btn-bg-color-success  tpl-login-btn">提交
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+            </form>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+</div>
+<script src="../js/amazeui.min.js"></script>
+<script src="../js/app.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/assets/js/theme.js

+var saveSelectColor = {
+    'Name': 'SelcetColor',
+    'Color': 'theme-black'
+}
+
+
+
+// 判断用户是否已有自己选择的模板风格
+if (storageLoad('SelcetColor')) {
+    $('body').attr('class', storageLoad('SelcetColor').Color)
+} else {
+    storageSave(saveSelectColor);
+    $('body').attr('class', 'theme-black')
+}
+
+
+// 本地缓存
+function storageSave(objectData) {
+    localStorage.setItem(objectData.Name, JSON.stringify(objectData));
+}
+
+function storageLoad(objectName) {
+    if (localStorage.getItem(objectName)) {
+        return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(objectName))
+    } else {
+        return false
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/backend_server.py

+"""
+backend_server.py - 后台服务器
+"""
+import asyncio
+import os
+import threading
+
+import aiomysql
+import tornado.web
+
+from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
+from tornado.platform.asyncio import AnyThreadEventLoopPolicy
+
+from service.handlers.handlers_for_charts import send_data
+from service.handlers.handlers_for_nav import IndexHandler
+from service.handlers.handlers_for_tables import EmpHandler
+from service.handlers.handlers_for_charts import ChartHandler
+
+
+async def connect_mysql():
+    return await aiomysql.connect(
+        host='120.77.222.217',
+        port=3306,
+        db='hrs',
+        charset='utf8',
+        use_unicode=True,
+        user='root',
+        password='123456',
+    )
+
+
+def main():
+    # Tornado 5开始使用线程必须指定事件循环的策略否则无法启动线程
+    asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(AnyThreadEventLoopPolicy())
+    # 启动通过WebSocket长连接发送数据的线程
+    threading.Thread(target=send_data, daemon=True, args=(5, )).start()
+    app = tornado.web.Application(
+        handlers=[
+            (r'/', IndexHandler),
+            (r'/api/emps', EmpHandler),
+            (r'/ws/charts', ChartHandler),
+        ],
+        template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'),
+        static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'assets'),
+        cookie_secret='MWM2MzEyOWFlOWRiOWM2MGMzZThhYTk0ZDNlMDA0OTU=',
+        mysql=IOLoop.current().run_sync(connect_mysql),
+        debug=True
+    )
+    app.listen(8888)
+    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/requirements.txt

+aiomysql==0.0.20
+asn1crypto==0.24.0
+cffi==1.12.2
+cryptography==2.6.1
+pycparser==2.19
+PyMySQL==0.9.2
+six==1.12.0
+tornado==5.1.1

Day61-65/code/project_of_tornado/service/handlers/handlers_for_nav.py

+import tornado
+
+
+class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
+
+    async def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return await self.render('index.html')