更新了爬虫部分的代码

Day66-75/Scrapy的应用01.md → Day66-75/Scrapy爬虫框架的应用.md

-## Scrapy的应用(01)
+## Scrapy爬虫框架的应用
 
 ### Scrapy概述
 
@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ $
 
 2. 在spiders文件夹中编写自己的爬虫。
 
+   ```Shell
+   
+   (venv) $ scrapy genspider movie movie.douban.com --template=crawl
+   ```
+
    ```Python
    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
@@ -287,5 +292,77 @@ $
    HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
    ```
 
+### 补充说明
+
+#### XPath语法
+
+1. XPath路径表达式：XPath使用路径表达式来选取XML文档中的节点或者节点集。
+
+2. XPath节点：元素、属性、文本、命名空间、处理指令、注释、根节点。
+
+3. XPath语法。（注：下面的例子来自于[菜鸟教程](http://www.runoob.com/)网站的[XPath教程](http://www.runoob.com/xpath/xpath-syntax.html)。)
 
+   XML文件。
+
+   ```XML
+   
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   
+   <bookstore>
+   
+       <book>
+         <title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
+         <price>29.99</price>
+       </book>
+   
+       <book>
+         <title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
+         <price>39.95</price>
+       </book>
+   
+   </bookstore>
+   ```
+   XPath语法。
+
+   | 路径表达式      | 结果                                                         |
+   | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+   | bookstore       | 选取 bookstore 元素的所有子节点。                            |
+   | /bookstore      | 选取根元素 bookstore。注释：假如路径起始于正斜杠( / )，则此路径始终代表到某元素的绝对路径！ |
+   | bookstore/book  | 选取属于 bookstore 的子元素的所有 book 元素。                |
+   | //book          | 选取所有 book 子元素，而不管它们在文档中的位置。             |
+   | bookstore//book | 选择属于 bookstore 元素的后代的所有 book 元素，而不管它们位于 bookstore 之下的什么位置。 |
+   | //@lang         | 选取名为 lang 的所有属性。                                   |
+
+   XPath谓词。
+
+   | 路径表达式                         | 结果                                                         |
+   | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+   | /bookstore/book[1]                 | 选取属于 bookstore 子元素的第一个 book 元素。                |
+   | /bookstore/book[last()]            | 选取属于 bookstore 子元素的最后一个 book 元素。              |
+   | /bookstore/book[last()-1]          | 选取属于 bookstore 子元素的倒数第二个 book 元素。            |
+   | /bookstore/book[position()<3]      | 选取最前面的两个属于 bookstore 元素的子元素的 book 元素。    |
+   | //title[@lang]                     | 选取所有拥有名为 lang 的属性的 title 元素。                  |
+   | //title[@lang='eng']               | 选取所有 title 元素，且这些元素拥有值为 eng 的 lang 属性。   |
+   | /bookstore/book[price>35.00]       | 选取 bookstore 元素的所有 book 元素，且其中的 price 元素的值须大于 35.00。 |
+   | /bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title | 选取 bookstore 元素中的 book 元素的所有 title 元素，且其中的 price 元素的值须大于 35.00。 |
+
+   通配符用法。
+
+   | 路径表达式   | 结果                              |
+   | ------------ | --------------------------------- |
+   | /bookstore/* | 选取 bookstore 元素的所有子元素。 |
+   | //*          | 选取文档中的所有元素。            |
+   | //title[@*]  | 选取所有带有属性的 title 元素。   |
+
+   选取多个路径。
+
+   | 路径表达式                       | 结果                                                         |
+   | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+   | //book/title \| //book/price     | 选取 book 元素的所有 title 和 price 元素。                   |
+   | //title \| //price               | 选取文档中的所有 title 和 price 元素。                       |
+   | /bookstore/book/title \| //price | 选取属于 bookstore 元素的 book 元素的所有 title 元素，以及文档中所有的 price 元素。 |
+
+#### 在Chrome浏览器中查看元素XPath语法
+
+![](./res/douban-xpath.png)
 

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/items.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Define here the models for your scraped items
+#
+# See documentation in:
+# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
+
+import scrapy
+
+
+class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
+
+    name = scrapy.Field()
+    year = scrapy.Field()
+    score = scrapy.Field()
+    director = scrapy.Field()
+    classification = scrapy.Field()
+    actor = scrapy.Field()

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/middlewares.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Define here the models for your spider middleware
+#
+# See documentation in:
+# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
+
+from scrapy import signals
+
+
+class DoubanSpiderMiddleware(object):
+    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
+    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
+    # passed objects.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
+        s = cls()
+        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
+        return s
+
+    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
+        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
+        # middleware and into the spider.
+
+        # Should return None or raise an exception.
+        return None
+
+    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
+        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
+        # it has processed the response.
+
+        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
+        for i in result:
+            yield i
+
+    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
+        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
+        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
+
+        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
+        # or Item objects.
+        pass
+
+    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
+        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
+        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
+        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.
+
+        # Must return only requests (not items).
+        for r in start_requests:
+            yield r
+
+    def spider_opened(self, spider):
+        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
+
+
+class DoubanDownloaderMiddleware(object):
+    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
+    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
+    # passed objects.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
+        s = cls()
+        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
+        return s
+
+    def process_request(self, request, spider):
+        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
+        # middleware.
+
+        # Must either:
+        # - return None: continue processing this request
+        # - or return a Response object
+        # - or return a Request object
+        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
+        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
+        return None
+
+    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
+        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.
+
+        # Must either;
+        # - return a Response object
+        # - return a Request object
+        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
+        return response
+
+    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
+        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
+        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
+
+        # Must either:
+        # - return None: continue processing this exception
+        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
+        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
+        pass
+
+    def spider_opened(self, spider):
+        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/pipelines.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Define your item pipelines here
+#
+# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
+# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
+import pymongo
+
+from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
+from scrapy.conf import settings
+from scrapy import log
+
+
+class DoubanPipeline(object):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        connection = pymongo.MongoClient(settings['MONGODB_SERVER'], settings['MONGODB_PORT'])
+        db = connection[settings['MONGODB_DB']]
+        self.collection = db[settings['MONGODB_COLLECTION']]
+
+    def process_item(self, item, spider):
+        #Remove invalid data
+        valid = True
+        for data in item:
+          if not data:
+            valid = False
+            raise DropItem("Missing %s of blogpost from %s" %(data, item['url']))
+        if valid:
+        #Insert data into database
+            new_moive=[{
+                "name":item['name'][0],
+                "year":item['year'][0],
+                "score":item['score'],
+                "director":item['director'],
+                "classification":item['classification'],
+                "actor":item['actor']
+            }]
+            self.collection.insert(new_moive)
+            log.msg("Item wrote to MongoDB database %s/%s" %
+            (settings['MONGODB_DB'], settings['MONGODB_COLLECTION']),
+            level=log.DEBUG, spider=spider) 
+        return item
+

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/settings.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+# Scrapy settings for douban project
+#
+# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
+# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
+#
+#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
+#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
+#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
+
+BOT_NAME = 'douban'
+
+SPIDER_MODULES = ['douban.spiders']
+NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douban.spiders'
+
+
+# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
+USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_3) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.54 Safari/536.5'
+
+# Obey robots.txt rules
+ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
+
+# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
+#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
+
+# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
+# See also autothrottle settings and docs
+DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
+RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY = True
+# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
+#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
+#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
+
+# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
+COOKIES_ENABLED = True
+
+MONGODB_SERVER = '120.77.222.217'
+MONGODB_PORT = 27017
+MONGODB_DB = 'douban'
+MONGODB_COLLECTION = 'movie'
+
+# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
+#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
+
+# Override the default request headers:
+#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
+#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
+#}
+
+# Enable or disable spider middlewares
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
+#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
+#    'douban.middlewares.DoubanSpiderMiddleware': 543,
+#}
+
+# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
+#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
+#    'douban.middlewares.DoubanDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
+#}
+
+# Enable or disable extensions
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
+#EXTENSIONS = {
+#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
+#}
+
+# Configure item pipelines
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
+ITEM_PIPELINES = {
+    'douban.pipelines.DoubanPipeline': 400,
+}
+
+LOG_LEVEL = 'DEBUG'
+
+# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
+#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
+# The initial download delay
+#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
+# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
+#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
+# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
+# each remote server
+#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
+# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
+#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
+
+# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
+# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
+#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
+#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
+#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
+#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
+#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/spiders/__init__.py

+# This package will contain the spiders of your Scrapy project
+#
+# Please refer to the documentation for information on how to create and manage
+# your spiders.

Day66-75/code/douban/douban/spiders/movie.py

+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+import scrapy
+from scrapy.selector import Selector
+from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
+from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
+
+from douban.items import DoubanItem
+
+
+class MovieSpider(CrawlSpider):
+    name = 'movie'
+    allowed_domains = ['movie.douban.com']
+    start_urls = ['https://movie.douban.com/top250']
+    rules = (
+        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=(r'https://movie.douban.com/top250\?start=\d+.*'))),
+        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=(r'https://movie.douban.com/subject/\d+')), callback='parse_item'),
+    )
+
+    def parse_item(self, response):
+        sel = Selector(response)
+        item = DoubanItem()
+        item['name']=sel.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[1]/text()').extract()
+        item['year']=sel.xpath('//*[@id="content"]/h1/span[2]/text()').re(r'\((\d+)\)')
+        item['score']=sel.xpath('//*[@id="interest_sectl"]/div/p[1]/strong/text()').extract()
+        item['director']=sel.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[1]/a/text()').extract()
+        item['classification']= sel.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()').extract()
+        item['actor']= sel.xpath('//*[@id="info"]/span[3]/a[1]/text()').extract()
+        #i['domain_id'] = response.xpath('//input[@id="sid"]/@value').extract()
+        #i['name'] = response.xpath('//div[@id="name"]').extract()
+        #i['description'] = response.xpath('//div[@id="description"]').extract()
+        return item
+

Day66-75/code/douban/scrapy.cfg

+# Automatically created by: scrapy startproject
+#
+# For more information about the [deploy] section see:
+# https://scrapyd.readthedocs.io/en/latest/deploy.html
+
+[settings]
+default = douban.settings
+
+[deploy]
+#url = http://localhost:6800/
+project = douban

Day66-75/code/example07.py

+import pymongo
+
+
+# BSON - Binary JSON - dict
+def main():
+    # client = pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://120.77.222.217:27017')
+    client = pymongo.MongoClient(host='120.77.222.217', port=27017)
+    db = client.zhihu
+    pages_cache = db.webpages
+    """
+    pages_cache.insert_many([
+        {'_id': 1, 'url': 'http://www.baidu.com', 'content': 'shit'},
+        {'_id': 2, 'url': 'http://www.qq.com', 'content': 'another shit'},
+        {'_id': 3, 'url': 'http://www.qfedu.com', 'content': 'biggest shit'}
+    ])
+    
+    print(pages_cache.update({'_id': 5}, {'$set': {'content': 'hello, world!'}}, upsert=True))
+    # page_id = pages_cache.insert_one({'url': 'http://www.baidu.com', 'content': '<html></html>'})
+    # print(page_id.inserted_id)
+    # print(pages_cache.remove({'url': 'http://www.baidu.com'}))
+    print(pages_cache.find().count())
+    for doc in pages_cache.find().sort('_id'):
+        print(doc)
+    """
+    pages_cache.insert_one({
+        'url': 'http://www.baidu.com',
+        'content': 'bull shit!',
+        'owner': {
+            'name': 'Lee Yanhong',
+            'age': 50,
+            'idcard': '110220196804091203'
+        }
+    })
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day66-75/code/example08.py

+import requests
+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+
+
+def main():
+    resp = requests.get('https://github.com/login')
+    if resp.status_code != 200:
+        return
+    cookies = resp.cookies.get_dict()
+    print(cookies)
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'lxml')
+    utf8_value = \
+        soup.select_one('form input[name=utf8]').attrs['value']
+    authenticity_token_value = \
+        soup.select_one('form input[name=authenticity_token]').attrs['value']
+    data = {
+        'utf8': utf8_value,
+        'authenticity_token': authenticity_token_value,
+        'login': 'jackfrued@gmail.com',
+        'password': 'yourpassword'
+    }
+    resp = requests.post('https://github.com/session',
+                         data=data, cookies=cookies)
+    print(resp.text)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day66-75/code/example09.py

+import robobrowser
+
+
+def main():
+    b = robobrowser.RoboBrowser(parser='lxml')
+    b.open('https://github.com/login')
+    f = b.get_form(action='/session')
+    f['login'].value = 'jackfrued@gmail.com'
+    f['password'].value = 'yourpassword'
+    b.submit_form(f)
+    for a_tag in b.select('a[href]'):
+        print(a_tag.attrs['href'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day66-75/code/example10.py

-import requests
-from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
-# selenium是一个自动化测试工具
-# 通过它可以模拟浏览器的行为来访问Web页面
-from selenium import webdriver
+import robobrowser
 
 
 def main():
-    # 先下载chromedriver并且将可执行程序放到PATH环境变量路径下
-    # 创建谷歌Chrome浏览器内核
-    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
-    # 通过浏览器内核加载页面(可以加载动态生成的内容)
-    driver.get('https://www.taobao.com/markets/mm/mm2017')
-    # driver.page_source获得的页面包含了JavaScript动态创建的内容
-    soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, 'lxml')
-    all_images = soup.select('img[src]')
-    for image in all_images:
-        url = image.get('src')
-        try:
-            if not str(url).startswith('http'):
-                url = 'http:' + url
-            filename = url[url.rfind('/') + 1:]
-            print(filename)
-            resp = requests.get(url)
-            with open('c:/images/' + filename, 'wb') as f:
-                f.write(resp.content)
-        except OSError:
-            print(filename + '下载失败!')
-    print('图片下载完成!')
+    b = robobrowser.RoboBrowser(parser='lxml')
+    b.open('https://v.taobao.com/v/content/live?catetype=704&from=taonvlang')
+    for img_tag in b.select('img[src]'):
+        print(img_tag.attrs['src'])
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

Day66-75/code/example11.py

+from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+from selenium import webdriver
+from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
+
+
+def main():
+    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
+    driver.get('https://v.taobao.com/v/content/live?catetype=704&from=taonvlang')
+    elem = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('input[placeholder=输入关键词搜索]')
+    elem.send_keys('运动')
+    elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
+    soup = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, 'lxml')
+    for img_tag in soup.body.select('img[src]'):
+        print(img_tag.attrs['src'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

Day66-75/code/example12.py

+import base64
+
+from PIL import Image, ImageFilter
+from pytesseract import image_to_string
+
+import requests
+from io import BytesIO
+
+
+def main():
+    guido_img = Image.open(open('guido.jpg', 'rb'))
+    guido2_img = guido_img.filter(ImageFilter.GaussianBlur)
+    guido2_img.save(open('guido2.jpg', 'wb'))
+
+    img1 = Image.open(open('tesseract.png', 'rb'))
+    img2 = img1.point(lambda x: 0 if x < 128 else 255)
+    img2.save(open('tesseract2.png', 'wb'))
+
+    print(image_to_string(img2))
+
+    resp = requests.get('https://pin2.aliyun.com/get_img?type=150_40&identity=mailsso.mxhichina.com&sessionid=k0xHyBxU3K3dGXb59mP9cdeTXxL9gLHSTKhRZCryHxpOoyk4lAVuJhgw==')
+    img3 = Image.open(BytesIO(resp.content))
+    img3.save('captcha.jpg')
+    print(image_to_string(img3))
+    print(base64.b64encode(resp.content))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()